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Automotive engineers use the wind tunnel to improve a vehicle’s aerodynamic properties on the road. However, a car driving on the road does not experience the steady-state, uniform flow characteristic of the wind tunnel. Wind, terrain and traffic all cause the flow experienced by the vehicle to be highly transient. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the effects of forces acting on the vehicle resulting from unsteady flow. To this end, the FKFS swing® installed in the University of Stuttgart’s model scale wind tunnel was used to create 36 different incident flow signals with time-resolved yaw angles. The cD values of five different 25% vehicle models, each with a notchback and a squareback configuration, were measured while under the influence of the aforementioned signals. The vehicle models were chosen to ensure a variety of different geometries, but at the same time also to enable isolated comparison of specific geometric properties.

The unsteady environment road vehicles are exposed to is subject of many investigations that are currently made. Yet, the approaching flow is only one aspect of unsteady forces acting on the vehicle. Unsteady wake structures also lead to time-varying surface pressures and consequently fluctuating forces even in steady and low turbulent flows. However, little is known about the influence of realistic flow conditions, i.e. as found on road, on the unsteady surface pressures and wake structures of a vehicle. Therefore, to derive a deeper understanding of the unsteady aerodynamic properties of a vehicle this paper presents results of measurements conducted on a vehicle body both in smooth and turbulent flow conditions in the IVK model scale wind tunnel. Unsteady surface pressure measurements in the area where separation occurs and the base of the vehicle were made together with time accurate total pressure measurements in the wake.

Recently built or refurbished wind tunnel facilities show a trend towards a detailed simulation of road conditions. Therefore, these wind tunnel facilities are equipped with boundary layer conditioning systems and a rolling road consisting of one or several belts in order to simulate the rotation of the wheels and the relative motion between the vehicle underfloor and the road. Belts are either realized in rubber or steel. Steel belts offer the possibility to be coated with rubber to protect the belt itself. This coating additionally offers the possibility to attain a certain roughness to represent the road surface. This paper presents measurements of the roughness of the steel belt systems installed in the IVK Model Scale and Aero-Acoustic Full Scale Wind Tunnel in comparison to road surfaces. Additionally, the influence of roughness on the aerodynamic coefficients drag and lift is presented and discussed for the SAE reference body with different rear end configurations.